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Perfect Infinitive\Перфектный Инфинитив. Особенности употребления. Уровень Upper-Intermediate

Инфинитив  - это базовая, неличная форма глагола.  Признаком  инфинитива в английском языке является частица  to , например:  (to) go, (to) be, (to) ask, (to) fight, (to) understand, (to) walk . Английский инфинитив  сочетает в себе признаки глагола и в некоторой степени существительного. Последнее выражается в том, что инфинитив может выступать в предложении в качестве подлежащего, дополнения, предикатива, определения, обстоятельства и некоторых других. Например: To learn  is important. Учение  важно. ( Инфинитив выполняет функцию подлежащего. ) The most important thing is  to learn . Самое важное это  учиться . ( Инфинитив выполняет функцию предикатива. ) He wants  to learn . Он хочет  учиться . ( Инфинитив выполняет функцию дополнения. ) Отрицательные формы инфинитива образуются путем добавления отрицательной частицы  not  до инфинитива. Например: I decided  to invite  them. – I decide...

Crime in our society

Crime has been around us for many centuries. Every day when we open a newspaper or turn on TV almost all we read or hear is about criminals and their illegal actions. According to the law, people who commit a crime must be punished, imprisoned or even sentenced to a death penalty. Without punishment our life in the society would be less secure, although sometimes punishment isn’t strict enough, to my mind. Some kinds of crimes are as old as the human society (such as stealing, pick-pocketing, vandalism, assault or domestic violence, murder and manslaughter), others are a more recent phenomenon. Armed robbery of stores and banks, hacking into computers (so called “cyber frauds”), corruption or forgery of money and documents, for instance, are some of them. The 20 th  century has also seen the appearance of organized crimes such as drug-trafficking, drug-smuggling and hijacking. Statistics show an alarming rise of violent crimes and crimes to do with the illegal sale of arms acros...

Political system of Estonia

Head of State The  President of Estonia  is elected by  Parliament (Riigikogu)  for a five-year term; if he or she does not secure two-thirds of the votes after three rounds of balloting, then an electoral assembly (made up of Parliament plus members of local governments) elects the president, choosing between the two candidates with the largest percentage of votes. Executive branch The  Prime Minister of Estonia  (Estonian: Eesti Vabariigi Peaminister) is the head of government of the Republic of Estonia. The prime minister is chosen by the President and conferred by Parliament.  This is usually the leader of the largest party or coalition in the  Parliament . The activity of the government is directed by the Prime Minister. He does not head any specific ministry, but is, in accordance with the constitution, the supervisor of the work of the government.  The  Prime Minister �s significance and role in the government and his relations ...

Politics

Topic: Politics   - words and expressions Youth in Politics   POLITICAL PARTICIPATION: WHY AND HOW WE SHOULD ADDRESS THE YOUNG GENERATION  

Topics for speaking

Generation Gap Old people are always saying that the young are not what they were. The same comment is made from generation to generation and is always true; it has never been truer than it is today. These days, grown-ups describe children as "difficult", "rude", "wild" and "irresponsible". Only some people say that they will grow up to make our country a better place. For kids from 8 to 14 a new term "tweens" has recently been coined. They are no longer children nor yet teenagers, just between – tweens. They are said to be a generation in a fearful hurry to grow up. Instead of playing with Barbies and Lego they are interested in the vagaries of love on TV serials. Girls wear provocative make-up. At this very age kids start pairing off. Tweens have got an insatiable desire for the latest in everything – from jeans with labels so that everyone will know that they've got the latest stuff – to CDs. Kids at their age desperatel...