Advanced Expert
Progress
Test 2 (Modules 3–4)
ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS
Vocabulary
and Grammar
1 For questions 1–9, read
the sentences below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits
each gap.
I’m not sure
if the weather (1)
_____
any good next Friday but let’s hope so. It’s been quite off and
(2)
_____
this week; showers one minute, sunshine the next. As long as it’s
not windy, we’ll be fine. I know you’ve never done a parachute
jump before but I guarantee you’ll get a real (3)
_____
from it. Admittedly, the first time I had butterflies in my stomach
the moment the plane left the (4)
_____
and when it came to the actual jump, I found myself (5)
_____
to the spot before someone kindly helped me out of the plane. As soon
as I got over my initial fear, I realised how much I loved the
experience and how silly it was to get into a (6)
_____
about jumping out of the plane. After all, doing a tandem jump is
really straightforward. Once they’ve given us the special (7) _____
to put on they’ll go through the drill with us before (8)
_____
us up in the plane. When it comes to the jump, you’ll be strapped
to an experienced instructor who has done this hundreds of times and
is just as concerned about a safe landing as you might be. Honestly,
(9)
_____
this jump is going to be the most thrilling thing you’ve done all
year!
1 A
is to be B
is C
will be D
is being
2 A
out B
over C
in D
on
3 A
hum B
buzz C
bang D
fizz
4 A
path B
tarmac C
ramp D
passageway
5 A
stayed B
fasten C
rooted D
clung
6 A
flap B
fuss C
flutter D
jitter
7 A
costumes B
outfits C
wear D
covering
8 A
to take B
take C
taking D
took
9 A
when you do B
if you do C
to do D
doing / 9
2 For questions 1–5,
underline the correct form of the verb in italics in the following
paragraph.
Whoever (1)
was
deciding / decided / has decided
that entering a new market at this point was a good idea was
mistaken. (2)
To
achieve / To be achieved / For achieving
the best results for the company, we need to determine how to develop
our strongholds further. It’s not logical for the company (3)
funding
/ funded / to fund a
risky expansion into new areas during a recession. I want (4)
this
company to
survive / surviving / survive
this difficult period and, to that end, it is important (5)
to
implement / for implementing / for to implement
plans that focus on our strengths not vulnerabilities.
/5
3 For questions 1–6,
complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the
first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given.
You must use between three and six words, including the word given.
1 He asked if
I could stop the car just outside the station.
PULL
I did as he
asked and ___________________________ of the station.
2 Due to the
difficulty of the questions asked, he only narrowly missed failing
the exam.
SCRAPE
The questions
were so difficult that he only just ___________________________ the
exam.
3 Being asked
to identify the attacker was a very nerve-racking experience for the
witness.
PICK
The witness
became very agitated when she was asked to step forward and
___________________________ .
4 His
retelling of events was completely at odds with what had actually
happened.
RESEMBLANCE
His story
___________________________ reality.
5 Despite all the difficulties
and problems he had faced, she had always been there for him.
THICK
She had
supported ___________________________
.
-
There was uncertainty over the animal’s ability to pull through after the operation.
GO
It was
___________________________ the animal would survive the operation. /6
Listening
4 Listen to five different
people talking about being a fan of a famous singer. For questions
1–10, choose the answer (A, B or C) that fits best according to
what you hear.
Speaker 1
1 The speaker
acknowledges that some people think him crazy for
A
carefully putting all his records into order.
B
being so fanatical about someone for so long.
C
framing items of his idol’s clothing.
2 His partner
doesn’t really understand
A
why he is so obsessed with this one singer.
B his
need to collect everything his idol ever recorded.
C
why
he keeps his record collection in the attic.
Speaker 2
3 The moment
the speaker heard her idol singing she
A
decided to became a member of his fan club.
B
had to see him perform live.
C
was hooked on him and his music.
4 She realises
she is very lucky to have
A
been
able to see her idol perform all around the world.
B such
an understanding boyfriend.
C
such
an unusual passion.
Speaker 3
5 The speaker
confesses that his collection
A
is incredibly well-organised and takes up a whole room.
B
has no underlying logic to it.
C
doesn’t contain any unusual personal items.
6 The speaker
first became interested in his idol after
A
reading
an article about his life.
B his
daughter took him to see him live. C hearing him on the radio.
Speaker 4
7 On becoming
a fan, she
A
started to collect tattoos of her idol.
B
decided to split up with her boyfriend.
C
began to search for pictures of her idol online.
8 She admits that her obsession
for her idol
A
remains
as strong as ever.
B has
lessened with age. C made her feel self-conscious on the beach.
Speaker 5
9 What did he
do as a result of becoming a fan?
A
take singing lessons
B
quit his college degree
C
become a professional singer
10 He still
A
remembers
every recording his idol has ever made.
B
goes to see his idol perform.
C
seeks
out collectibles relating to his idol.
|
|
|
10 |
Reading
5 Read the article ‘How the
world sleeps’. For questions 1–10, match the endings (A–J) to
their beginnings, based on information given in the text.
1 These days,
people in the Western world are accustomed to … _____
2 Very little
research on sleep has … _____
3 Sleep
customs in traditional societies are … _____
4 Current
research, aimed at helping those who have trouble sleeping, is …
_____
5 People in
non-Western populations would most likely find the idea of … _____
6 Sleeping in
communal areas, with a backdrop of noise, … _____
7 Maintaining
a strict routine relating to bedtime is … _____
8 People don’t
tend to … _____
9 Having a
quick nap, in some more traditional societies, is believed to be an
effective way to … ____
10 Learning to
sleep in any situation or location is … _____
A … sleeping
on a springy mattress an alien concept.
B … promotes
a sense of security.
C …
investigating the genes that are linked in with wakefulness and
sleep.
D … not
something all children are trained to do.
E …
sleep-inducing habits such as reading in bed.
F … sleep
for long periods of time in traditional societies.
G … the norm
among non-Western populations.
H … focused
on cross-cultural differences or links to human evolution.
I …
profoundly different to those in the modern Western world.
J … prevent
your spirit from leaving you.
HOW THE WORLD SLEEPS
Is there something we can
learn from how people in different cultures sleep?
It’s a familiar ritual in many
parts of the world. You climb into bed, stifling a yawn. Maybe a
little reading or television to loosen you up for slumber. After a
while, you nod off and sleep until an alarm clock starts ringing. The
twist, however, is that this ritual doesn’t apply to people
currently living outside the modern Western world or even to
inhabitants of Western Europe 200 years ago. Yet, as anthropologist
Carol Worthman discovered, sleep scarcely figures in the literature
of either cross-cultural differences or human evolution. It is
generally relegated to the sidelines, treated as a biological given
with little potential for variation from one part of the world to
another.
Worthman contacted researchers
who had intimate knowledge of one or more traditional societies, and
uncovered a wide variety of customs, none of which bore any
resemblance to what many modern Western people take for granted. She
says that this finding raises profound questions for the research
that is being done into our biological clock. Over the past 50 years,
scientists have identified periods of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep,
during which intense dreams often occur. Current efforts are
examining genes involved in wakefulness and sleeping and have taken
strides towards treating sleep disturbances. Although investigators
assume that people sleep alone or with a partner for a solid chunk of
the night, most studies take place in laboratories where individuals
have naps while being hooked up to brain and body monitors. However,
the distinctive sleep styles of non-Western, more traditional groups
may shape the biology of sleep in ways undreamed of in sleep labs,
which is why Worthman was keen to initiate relevant research.
Worthman
assembled a preliminary picture of sleep practices in 10 non-Western
populations. Having observed how sleepers in traditional societies
recline on skins, mats, wooden platforms, the ground or just about
anything except a springy mattress, she says it brought it home to
her just how odd the Western concept is of layers of bedding piled on
a ‘giant sleep machine’. Furthermore, unlike in most Western
bedrooms, sleep typically takes place in spaces that feature constant
background noise emanating from other sleepers and various domestic
animals. Communal space equates to safe space, invaluable in the
event of a threat or emergency.
Virtually
no-one in traditional societies, including children, keeps a regular
bedtime. In these worlds without artificial light, activity is
limited and affects the time allotted to sleep; individuals tend to
slip in and out of slumber several times during the night, rather
than sleeping in a solid block of time. In traditional settings,
variable sleep cycles among individuals and age groups are useful so
that someone can be awake or easily roused at all times. Whereas, as
Worthman points out, the natural tendency of teenagers in the Western
world to go to sleep late and wake up late is seen as a nuisance or
as a sign of rebellion. Equally, extreme early birds get diagnosed as
sleep disordered.
Some cultures,
such as the Gebusi rainforest dwellers, are of the opinion that a
person’s spirit may wander off too far and fail to return if they
sleep too heavily; dreaming makes this more likely. Whether or not
one believes this, a quick nap may be preferable and has crucial
effects on the body and mind. As an example, Balinese infants are
carried about and held continuously by caregivers so that they learn
to fall asleep even in hectic and noisy situations. This trains them
to exhibit what the Balinese call ‘fear sleep’ later in life.
Adults and children enter fear sleep
by
suddenly slumping over in a deep slumber when they or family members
confront intense anxiety or an unexpected fright. They are literally
scared into sleep. Conversely, it is possible that infants who sleep
alone in the Western world may find it difficult to relax, fall
asleep, wake up or concentrate because of the contrast between the
sensory overload of the waking world and the dark quiet bedroom. Only
cross-cultural studies of children’s sleep and behaviour may be
able to clarify such issues. /10
Writing
6 Complete the article by
choosing the correct word or phrase in italics for each gap 1–10.
LESSONS TO
BE LEARNT AT LOCAL SPORTS PARK
The
opening of the Linden Sports Park should have been met with
enthusiasm from the local community. This was not the case, however,
so we went to find out what had gone wrong. We found, (1)
frankly / generally
speaking / doubtlessly,
that the main area of discontent among residents was the cost of
membership. Many said they felt fees were unreasonably high although,
(2) in the main /
presumably / naturally,
they agreed that if discounts were available for certain groups, they
would be inclined to use the facilities. (3) To
be honest / Surprisingly / Understandably,
the general consensus is that those who are studying or who have
retired should be granted a lower and more affordable membership
rate, along with families. Whilst prices were considered somewhat
steep across the board, what did become clear from the conversations
we had, was that people were (4) annoyingly
/ doubtlessly / by and large
very impressed with the facilities and the different classes on
offer. (5) Indeed
/ Strangely / Seemingly,
everyone who was interviewed was keen to try out at least one
different class. (6) Quite
rightly / Frankly / Presumably,
the owners of the sports park had undertaken, prior to their vigorous
advertising campaign, some sort of market research to help determine
fees. (7) In fact
/ In all probability / Surprisingly,
they simply did not take into account lower income earners. (8)
One assumes / Naturally /
Doubtless that whoever
was responsible for deciding on the prices the public would pay had
(9) as a rule / in
fact / apparently done
so after consultation with the local authorities. (10)
Seemingly / Personally /
Naturally, the next step
is to re-examine and modify the fees set-up so as to increase
membership numbers through attracting a greater proportion of local
residents, which will in turn make this into a profitable venture. /10
TOTAL - 50